The concept of negotiation generally allows more flexibility for the client to select a contractor on a basis other than the lowest bid. In competitive bidding, a contract is agreed upon following a tendering process where the award is often made to the cheapest (or best value) tender. In response to an invitation to tender, invited tenderers will submit their tender, which will include their price for supplying the goods or services along with proposals for how the client's requirements will be satisfied if these have been requested. This is the last chance the client and consultant team will have to negotiate with tenderers while they are still subject to the pressures of competition. They are an opportunity to agree or clarify any matters regarding the pricing and quality of the proposed works, conditions of contract and programme. Once tenders have been presented, tender negotiations might proceed with two preferred tenderers prior to the selection of the successful bid. Normally, tendering refers to the construction works rather than securing consultancy services which are referred to as 'Appointing'. An invitation to tender might be published for a range of contracts, including equipment supply, the main construction contract (which might include design by the contractor), demolition, enabling works, etc.
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